Hollyhock (Alcea rosea)
Native to Asia and the Middle East, this tall biennial/perennial has large flowers. Flowers, young leaves, and shoots are edible raw or in teas, syrups, and salads. Contains mucilage, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and polysaccharides, giving soothing demulcent, anti-inflammatory, and mild antioxidant effects. Low-calorie, hydrating, traditionally used for coughs, sore throats, digestive irritation, and topical skin inflammation. Clinical evidence is minimal, but traditional use is extensive.
Swamp Rose Mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)
Native to wetlands of eastern North America, this perennial has giant pink or white flowers. Flowers, leaves, and young shoots are edible in teas or salads. Contains phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilage, and polysaccharides, giving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing demulcent effects. Low-calorie, hydrating, historically used for soothing coughs, sore throats, digestive irritation, and minor skin inflammation. Lab studies show in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, though no human trials exist.
Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)
Native to East Asia (China, Korea, India), this woody ornamental shrub has showy flowers. Flowers are edible in teas, salads, or jellies. Rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilage, and trace saponins, offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mild antimicrobial activity. Low-calorie, mostly water with some vitamins. Traditionally used for mild inflammation, digestive issues, and skin irritations. Limited lab studies suggest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential; no human trials.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420‑3049/30/17/3569
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40942094/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40868877/
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1524846/full
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947843/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32540784/
https://africanjournalofbiomedicalresearch.com/index.php/AJBR/article/view/7330
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