Monday, April 20, 2026

Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna -- formerly ranunculus ficaria)

 (AKA fig buttercup ...and pilewort by some)

 


  "There is a Flower, the lesser Celandine,
    That shrinks, like many more, from cold and rain;
    And, the first moment that the sun may shine,
    Bright as the sun himself, 'tis out again!"
 
 ~The Small Celandine." William Wordsworth


This invasive perennial in the buttercup (ranunculus) family is native to Europe and Western Asia. 

It is considered noxious in some US states because it can be fatal to some livestock. It is toxic to humans if eaten raw, and can cause contact dermatitis in sensitive skin, but has medicinal and nutritional properties nonetheless. 

The young leaves have been used to treat hemorrhoids. 

The protoanemonin found in fresh leaves is an irritant and mildly toxic but is suggested to have antibacterial properties if used externally. 

Heating or drying neutralizes the toxin and it is then used for its antispasmodic and analgesic properties.

The roots were traditionally boiled, fried or roasted as a source of carbohydrates. 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9227133/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3365867/

 


 

 

 

Tuesday, April 14, 2026

Lesser Periwinkle, Dwarf Periwinkle (vinca minor)



Native to southern and central Europe and western Asia, it was 
introduced and naturalized in the northeast, midwest, and pacific northwest US.

This creeping periwinkle blooms early spring to summer. It is sometimes considered invasive because it can outcompete native plants by forming dense mats thriving in disturbed areas, woodlands, forest edges, and shaded areas. Because it grows so easily it is often used for erosion control and ground cover.

It does have medicinal benefits and 
although not edible raw due to toxic alkaloids, the main alkaloid, vincamine, has been shown to have an effect on circulation and cognition, improving mental clarity, memory and cognition. 

It acts as a mild vasodilator, enhances blood flow to the brain, 
and is used for conditions like poor circulation, varicose veins and hemorrhoids. 

Used in decoctions and extracts for migraines, headaches and vertigo, 
it has antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. 

Leaf extracts were applied traditionally to reduce inflammation and to support overall wellness. 

It is also used topically on minor wounds and skin irritations. 

 


 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3813059/ (PMC)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8160922/ (PMC)

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10671566/ (PMC)

Wednesday, March 25, 2026

Forsythia (Lian Qiao)



Forsythia is a fast-growing deciduous shrub in the olive (Oleaceae) family. It blooms in late winter/early spring. Native to China, Korea and Japan, it is now naturalized throughout the US and Europe. 

Traditionally Lian Qiao is used in Chinese medicine for reducing heat/inflammation. 

It is also used to support the immune system and to treat infections. It has antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties.  

The main medicinal part is the fruit which is harvested in late summer/early fall. The green/unripe fruit is the most prized because it has stronger antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.  The fruit is then dried and used in a decoction or tincture and can also be used as an external wash for skin inflammation, acne or boils. 

 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37797873/

 

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8073696/ 

 

 

 

 

 

Sunday, February 01, 2026

Real Marshmallows: Hollyhock and Hibiscus

 

Hollyhock (Alcea rosea)

Native to Asia and the Middle East, this tall biennial/perennial has large flowers. Flowers, young leaves, and shoots are edible raw or in teas, syrups, and salads. Contains mucilage, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and polysaccharides, giving soothing demulcent, anti-inflammatory, and mild antioxidant effects. Low-calorie, hydrating, traditionally used for coughs, sore throats, digestive irritation, and topical skin inflammation. Clinical evidence is minimal, but traditional use is extensive.

 

 

Swamp Rose Mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos)

Native to wetlands of eastern North America, this perennial has giant pink or white flowers. Flowers, leaves, and young shoots are edible in teas or salads. Contains phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilage, and polysaccharides, giving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing demulcent effects. Low-calorie, hydrating, historically used for soothing coughs, sore throats, digestive irritation, and minor skin inflammation. Lab studies show in vitro anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, though no human trials exist.

 


Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus)

Native to East Asia (China, Korea, India), this woody ornamental shrub has showy flowers. Flowers are edible in teas, salads, or jellies. Rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, mucilage, and trace saponins, offering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mild antimicrobial activity. Low-calorie, mostly water with some vitamins. Traditionally used for mild inflammation, digestive issues, and skin irritations. Limited lab studies suggest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential; no human trials.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420‑3049/30/17/3569

 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40942094/

 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40868877/

 
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1524846/full

 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31947843/

 
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32540784/

 
https://africanjournalofbiomedicalresearch.com/index.php/AJBR/article/view/7330

 

 

 

 

Wednesday, January 28, 2026

Zinnias: Common. Easy. Tough. But BEAUTIFUL nonetheless.





In my 30+ years of gardening, I never paid them any mind. But one year—sparked by a memory of the maintenance-free, quick-growing little patch alongside a flower shop where I had worked years earlier—I decided to throw some assorted seeds down. I was pleasantly surprised by their sheer tenacity as well as their diversity and prolific abundance!

Even after some of them were pulled out and left to wither by (allegedly) my landlady at the time, they still survived. (On the record I’m going with the assumption that she innocently thought they were “weeds.”) We all know people like to "look" busy and want everyone to believe that whatever they are doing takes a lot of effort, money, smarts and/or skills. Not everyone is impressed—and some are even, dare I say, threatened—by low-cost, low-maintenance, fast-growing flowers. 




“Chaos gardening,” the rebranded, gentrified terminology for this throw-and-go style of gardening, wasn’t really a thing then. Not a lot of “trained and certified Master Gardeners” appreciated the benefits and natural beauty of what we grassroots, no-till, revivalist, forager, "rewilders" called “forest gardening.” I, considering myself an "experiential gardener," delighted in the "sow it and forget it" approach. So seeing those bold little zinnias shoot up out of nowhere was quite a thrill for me—and quite the letdown when I saw them languishing there on the hot, dry, sun-soaked gravel next to the garden where that lady had installed some cheap, hybrid Home Depot ornamentals and plastic pink flamingo stakes in their place. (I suppose that’s still better than artificial flowers and neon-colored plastic garden whirlagigs, right?)

So I took those shriveled-up, foot-long pre-carcasses-- the zinnias, not the flamingos-- potted them, and placed them inside the house right next to the porch windows where that landlady liked to stand a little too long while "watering" every morning—and VIOLA! 😉 They were resurrected in no time. They grew to be about three feet tall and produced some of the most prolific and beautiful blooms I had ever seen.

By some stroke of luck, out of all the mixed seeds I threw in, the heirloom zinnias happened to be the ones that were pulled out, and despite their trauma, they turned out perfect. 

And those perky, resilient zinnias quite happily, and healthily greeted that landlady—through the windows—safe and shielded from her excessive, intrusive, toxic "watering, fertilizing and weed-killing" rituals every morning that summer, and fall, and clear into JANUARY!


Ah, karma.

Studies have proven what ancient wisdom always held: zinnias possess beneficial properties. Major bioactive compounds found in zinnia flowers include saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols.


Antioxidant Properties

Zinnias have been shown to exhibit antioxidative qualities, which may be part of the reason the flower was revered by ancient tribes.

In one study involving rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)–induced toxicity, zinnia extracts demonstrated a significant ability to suppress toxicity. In addition, the extracts appeared to improve lipid profiles, including HDL and LDL levels. 

Zinnias are also known to have antifungal, phytoremediative, anthelmintic, and hepatoprotective properties.

A comprehensive review of phytoconstituents and biological activities of genus Zinnia
https://jabps.journals.ekb.eg/article_23095.html

Metabolomic profiling and anti-infective potential of Zinnia elegans (PubMed entry)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30580583/

Chemical profile & antioxidant activity of Zinnia elegans fractions (MDPI)
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/16/2934

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Zinnia elegans leaves ethanolic extract (PDF)

Gastroprotective effect of Zinnia elegans ethanolic extract in mice (F1000Research)
https://f1000research.com/articles/11-1260

Study of phenolic compounds in Zinnia elegans raw materials by HPLC
https://journals.uran.ua/ami/article/view/255485

Study of antimicrobial activity of Zinnia elegans raw materials
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1025534